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5 SheetsSheet l. R ADDY STEAM ENGINE.

(No Model.)

Patented A pr. 8, 1890-.

spa mom-Una, wlsmumou, o. e.

(No Model.) 5 Shqet's-Shet 2. R. ADDY.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 425,361. Patented Apr. 8. 1890.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets Sheet 3.

.R.-ADDY. STEAM ENGINE.

No. 425,361. PatentedApr. 8, 1890.

(No Model.) 5 sheetsshet 4.

R. ADDY. STEAM ENGINE.

No. 425,361. Patented Apr. 8. 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

RICHARD ADDY, OF WALLINGFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF TWO- TI-IIRDS TO :WILLIAM J. ARTHUR, JOHN H. ARTHUR, AND LESTER CONKLIN, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,361, dated April 8, 1890.

Application filed November 25, 1889. Serial No. 331,505. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

lingford, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Steam-Engines; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, lIl- Figure 1, a top or plan View of the engine complete; Fig. 2, a side view of the same, looking from the left of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a reverse side view of the same; Fig. 4a, a longitudinal section cutting centrally through the cylinders, enlarged, showing the pistons as in their extreme inward position, the valve fully open for the admission of steam to the principal cylinder; Fig. 5, the same view showing the pistons at the other extreme position and the valves wide open for the exhaust of steam from the principal cylinder and its passage to the enlarged extensions, Figs. 4 and 5 also representing the hand-operating valves in their normal position; Fig. 6, a transverse horizontal section cutting on line a: a: of Fig. 5; Figs. 7 and S, detached views illustrating the operation of the valves for running the engine by hand.

This invention relates to an improvement in direct-acting steam-engines, the object being to apply the steam direct for one half the stroke of the crank and to employ the exhaust to make the remaining half of that stroke; and the invention consists, principally, in a cylinder having two independent pistons arranged therein, each adapted for reciprocating movement in, the said cylinder, the rod from one piston extending through the end of the cylinder in one direction and the rod from the other piston extending through the other end of the cylinder in the opposite direction, but both pistons connected to cranks on the driving-shaft, the said cylinder constructed with an extension at each end of larger internal diameter than the principal cylinder, and through which the pistonrod runs, with pistons in each of said larger cylinders on the respective rods, and mechanism whereby direct steam is introduced into the principal cylinder between the two pistons to force those pistons from each other, and thereby communicate such movement to the driving-shaft through the cranks, and mechanism to take-the exhaust from the said main cylinder after the full action of the pistons in one direction and transfer said exhaust-steam into the said enlarged extension of the cylinders and upon the reverse face of the correspondingly enlarged pistons, and whereby said exhaust-steam will be exerted directly upon said enlarged pistons to produce the return-stroke of the pistons of the main cylinder, and consequently the crank of the driving-shaft, and in details of construction, more fully hereinafter described.

In the illustration, A represents thebedplate, on which the engine as a whole is arranged; B, the main cylinder, supported on the said bed-plate. The length of the cylinder is little more than twice the stroke required, and at the respective ends it opens into a concentric enlargement C at one end and D at the opposite end, these enlargements C and D forming cylinders each in length somewhat greater than the stroke required. The outer ends of the enlarged cylinders are each closed by a head E, in each of which is a central stuffing-box F. In the main cylinder two pistons G and H are arranged. These pistons may beof any of the usual or known constructions of steam-engine pistons. They are made fast, respectively, to piston-rods I K, these piston-rods ex tending outward through the respective enlargements, and the stuffing-boxes F in the respective heads, as clearly seen in Fig. at. The two pistons GH are therefore independent of each other, and are adapted to move toward and from each other in the main cylinder B. The rod I is attached to a cross-head L (here represented as being vertical, see Figs. 2 and 3) and running upon guides M, from which a connecting-rod N extends to a crank O on the driving-shaft P, the said driving-shaft being supported in suitable bearings Q. The

piston-rod K, extending through its end of the cylinder, is secured to a cross-head R,

- site end, making a firm connection and support for the rods, the rods also having suitable intermediate support WV, so as to make has been completed the steam which sepa-.

them firm and rigid as guides for the crossheads. The two cross-heads U U are connected by pitmen X X to corresponding cranks Y Y on the driving-shaft, the cranks Y Y being radially opposite the crank 0. Under this arrangement each piston makes a full movement for each revolution of itscrank, one piston, however, in such move ment traveling in the opposite direction to that traveled by the other piston.

The two enlargements of the cylinders O D are each provided, respectively, with corresponding pistons a I), each of these pistons being fixed firmly'to the respective pistonrods I K, and in such position with relation to the pistons G H that when the pistons G H are in their extreme inward position, as seen in .Fig. A, the pistons a I) each also have reached the inner end of their respective portions of the cylinder.

Direct steam is admitted into the cylinder B through a passage d between the two pistons G H, and so that when thepistons are at their extreme inward position-thatis, upon one dead-center-steam admitted at that time will act directly upon both of said pistons, causing them to separate and travel one from the other to their extreme outward position, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 4. At the same time the pistonsa b of the enlarged portions of the cylinder have in like manner traveled toward the outer end of their respective portions of the cylinder, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 4, and until the opposite dead-center is reached. Under this movement of the pistons G H each acts upon its own independent crank of the driving-shaft to impart a one-half revolution thereto. After this separating movement of the pistons G H rated them is permitted to escape, and is directed into the cylinders O D through passages, respectively, 6 f, and upon the outer face of two pistons a b-that is, upon the side of those pistons a b opposite to that which the .live steam was admitted to the pistons G H. The exhaust-steam thus brought to operate upon the larger pistons a b in their respective portions of the cylinder produces a force to return all the pistons to their first or inward position, and thus completethe double stroke.

The crank-shaft is rotated through one-half its revolution by direct steam operating to separate the two pistons G H, and then the exhaust-steam operates upon the larger pistons ab to complete the revolution of that shaft and bring the pistons G H again into position to' receive live'steam. When this return-stroke is completed, the passagese f are opened for the escape of steam in those portions of the cylinders and the passage 61 again open to admit steam between the two. pistons G H, so that'a continuous reciprocating movement is imparted to the pistons converted by their cranks into a rotary movement of the shaft. v

It will be evident that any suitable valve mechanism maybe employed which will admit live steam to the main cylinder between the two pistons G H, and at the proper time permit its escape and conduct it into the enlarged portions of the cylinder to operate upon the pistons a b, and then finally to permit the escape of that exhaust-steam when it shall have completed its work upon the said pistons a b. For convenience of illustration I represent the valve for this purpose as a rotating valve 9, arranged in a suitable casing transversely across and below the cylinders, as seen in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. This valve is tubular and the required oscillating movement is imparted to it by means-"of an eccentric h on the driving-shaft connected by rods 2' k to a crank-arml on the arbor m of the V said valve. (See Fig. 2.)

Through the valve upon its upper side' is w that the passage 01 will always communicate with the interior of the valve ,9, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. At another point in the valve 9 is an opening 0, through which at the proper time live steam may enter through a passage 19 into the interior of the valve g, the passage 19 communicating with the steam-chamber 4". As here represented, this opening 0 is directly opposite the opening 9?. in the Valve; but the opening 0 is of substantially the same width as the opening from the passage 19.

'Live steam is admitted to the steam-chamber r through a steam-pipe s in the usual manner of introducing steam to the steam-chest of a steam-engine.

-As represented in -Fig. 4, the pistonsG H are at their extreme inward position, and the valve is in the position as havingbrought the opening 0 to register with the passage 10, so that live steam will flow directly into the valve 9, and thence through the opening it and passage (Z into the main cylinder B between the two pistons G H, and cause the said pistons to separate, as before described. Then as the pistons G H approach their extreme outward position the valve has been turned to the position seen in Fig. 5, so as to take the opening 0 from the passage 19, and this out off the admissionof steam into the valve g; but the opening or is still open,so that the steam which was introduced into the cylinder proper time to register with corresponding escape-passages o 10. These passages o '10 lead, respectively, to the inlet-passages e f of the enlarged portions of the cylinder, as clearly indicated in Figs. 4 and 5. When the valve has been turned to the position before described, as seen in Fig. 5, the openings 1.- u are brought to register with the passages o to, opening into the respective ends of the enlarged portions of the cylinder, as seen in Fig. 5. Consequently the steam which may now escape from the cylinder 12 will pass through the said openings in to the respective ends of the enlarged portions of the cylinder and upon the reverse face of the pistons a b to operate thereon to impart the return-stroke to the pistons, as before described.

From the passages 22 e and w f, by which steam is led to the enlarged portions of the cy1inder,branch passages 2 3, respectively,

lead to the surface of the valve g,and in the valve corresponding C-shaped passages 4 5 are respectively made, the two ends of the said passages 4 5 opening through the outside of the valve, and are in such position. with relation to the passages 2 3 that when the valve has been turned for the admission of steam to the cylinder 13 one end of the said passages at 5.1egister, respectively, with the two passages 2 3, and the other end of the said passages at the same time registers, respectively,with outlet or escape passages 6 7 ,these passages 6 7 being led to the atmosphere, so that in this position, as seen in Fig. 4, the space of the enlarged portions of the cylinders outside the pistons is open to the atmosphere for the escape of steam and the exhaust of, steam which had previously been admitted to move the pistons to the said position, may now escape to the atmosphere; but when the valve is turned to conduct the steamfrom the cylinder B to the enlarged pistons, then the passages 4t 5 in the valve are brought to a position to cut off the escape of steam, as seen in Fig. 5. Under this arrangement it will be seen that the valve properly working the pistons will be caused to continuously reciprocate and produce a corresponding continuous rotation of the driving-shaft.

As there is a liability of escape of steam around the pistons into the space between the connected pistons, it is desirable that there shall be some escape for condensation arising from such steam. To provide for such escape I construct a passage 8, leading from between the pistons G a to the exhaust-passage 6, and also a similar passage 9, leading from between the pistons II b for escape of the water ofcondensation from between those pistons.

It is desirable to provide an engine of this construction with mechanism whereby in starting it, or at other times when it is desirable, it may be worked by hand. To accomplish this object I providea valve arrangement which will admit live steam to the outer face of one. of the larger pistons, as b, and also to the inner surface of that piston-that is, between the piston 17 and the piston H- and so that the steam may be alternately admitted to one side and exhaust from the opposite side by means of hand-operated valve mechanism. In such arrangement the action of the steam upon the outer surface of the piston b will be in full eifect; but inasmuch as upon the other face it will be counteracted to the extent of the diiference between the area of the two pistons 11 b, the power of the steam on that side will be exerted only to the extent of the said difference. Any suitable valve mechanism may be employed for this admission of steam; but I prefer the arrangement illustrated in the several figures, particularly 1, 5, and 6. This mechanism consists of two tubular valves 10 and 11, arranged in suitable seats below the cylinders and transversely to the axis thereof, the said valvesbein g adapted for oscillatory movement. In this case I utilize thepassage 9 as a means for communicating to the inner surface of the piston 12. This passage opens onto the surface of the valve 10. A like passage 12 opens from the other side of the piston onto the valve 11. A steam-chamber 13 is formed below the valve 10, from which a passage 14 leads to the surface of the valve 10 at a point distant from the passage 9, and a passage 15 leads from the surface of the valve 10 to an exhaust-passage 16. A similar steam-chest 17 is provided for the valve 11, and from this steam-chest 17 a passage 18 leads to the surface of the valve 11, and a passage 19 leads from the surface of the valve 11 to an exhaust-passage 20. The valve 10 is constructed with an opening 21, which normally registers with the passage 9, and a second opening 22, which registers with the exhaust-passage 15, and so that when the machine is in the usual operation the space between the pistons b H is open to the atmosphere through the passages 9 and 15 for the escape of steam or water of condensation which may accidentally pass the pistons into the-said space. The valve 10 is also constructed with a third opening 23, which is adapted to register with the passage 9 when the opening 22 is brought to register with the passage 14:, as represented in Fig. 7. The valve 11 is constructed with an opening 24, which is adapted to register with the passage 18 or.19, as may be required, for admission or exhaust of steam.

It is also constructed with a second opening the valve 10 is turned for the admission of steam to the back of the piston b, as seen in IIO Fig. 7, the valve 11 is turned to the position of the usual steam-valve 28.

for exhaust of steam from the outer side of the said piston, as also seen in Fig. 7; but when the valves 10 and 11 are turned into the to sition seen in Fig. 8, then the inlet for' steam is through the valve 11. to the outer side of the piston and the exhaust is through the valve 10 from the inner side of the piston. ,Under this arrangement a steam-pipe 26 leads to the steam-chest 13, and a like steam-pipe 27 leads to the steam-chest '17. As here represented, these pipes are connected so that steam may be admitted or cut off from both alike by means The said valves 10 and 11, or their arbors, extend to the outside, and upon the outer end of one, as 10, a handle-lever 29 is fixed, and by which an oscillatory movement may be imparted to the said valve, and to the other valve an arm 30 is applied, which is connected by a rod 31 to the handle, so that a like oscillat ng'movement may be imparted to both valves.

When it is desired to work the engine by hand, the engineer applies his hand to the lever 29, and by turning it forward or backward, as the case may be, the valves 10 and 11 are operated for the admission and exhaust of steam, as before described, and so as to act alternately upon opposite sides of the single piston 12.

As the engine would be liable to stop at a position which would leave either the passa es w or 3 between the extension D of the cyllnder and the principal valve communicating with the outlet or inlet passage of the steamvalve, it is desirable that that passage be cut off when working by hand. To accomplish this object the valve 10 extends inward and across the passage w, as seen in Fig. 6, the valve 10 being constructed with an opening through it corresponding to such passage, and so that normally the valve 10 will stand as represented in Fig. 4, with the passage through it in line with the passage between the valve and that end of the cylinder, broken lines, Fig. 4, indicating the communicating-passage through the valve; but upon rotation of the valve to bring the opening 23 to register with the passage9 or to work in connection therewith, the valve 10 will be turned, so as to take the passage through the valve out of line of the passage with which it normally registers, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 7.

While preferring the valve arrangement which I have described, it will be evident, as before indicated, that other known valve arrangements may be employed whereby the steam will be first admitted to the main cylinder between the two pistons, then permit the steam to escape and pass to the enlarged extensions of the cylinders, or for the admission and exhaust of steam to operate the engine by l1and,such other valve arrangements being too well known to require illustration.

I claim- 1. In a steam-engine, the combination of a principal cylinder in length greater than twice the stroke required for the piston, the cylinder constructed at each end with an enlarged extension substantially concentric therewith, each of said extensions being in length greater than the stroke required for the piston, two pistons in said cylinder and arranged to work therein toward and from each other, a pistonrod extending outward from each of said pistons through said extensions of the cylinder, a piston in each of said enlargements of the cylinder made fast to the respective pistonrods, and so that the pistons so connected sages into the extensions of the cylinders,.

substantially as described, and whereby the direct-acting steam exhausted from between the said two pistons of the main cylinder will be directed into the enlarged extensions of the cylinder.

2. In a steam-engine, the combination of a principal cylinder B, constructed with an enlarged extension 0 at one end and a like enlarged extension D at the opposite end, two pistons G H, arranged in said cylinder B, a piston a, arranged in the-enlargedportion G of the cylinder, and a like piston b, arranged in the enlarged portion D of the cylinder, a piston-rod I, connectingthe said pistons G and a and extending through that end of the cylinder, a like piston-rod K, connecting the pistons H b and extending through that end of the cylinder, the said pistons both connected to oppositely-turned cranks on the driving-shaft, a passage at opening into the cylinder B centrally between the pistons G H, apassage 6, opening into the extension 0 outside the piston a, and a like passage f, opening to the outside of the pistons 12, a tubular oscillating valve g, constructed with an opening 0, adapted to register with a corresponding opening from the steam-chest, and with an opening n always open to communication with the passage d, the said valve also constructed with passages opening from its inside and adapted at the proper time to com municate with the passages e f, for the transfer of steam from the main cylinder to said enlarged extensions, and then for the exhaust of steam from said enlarged extensions, substantially as described.

8. In a steam-engine, the combination of a principal cylinder B, constructed with an enlarged extension at each end, two pistons G H in said principal cylinder, pistons a I), respectively, in the said enlarged extensions of the cylinder, a piston-rod I, connecting the said pistons G and a and extending through that end of the cylinder, a piston-rod K, connecting the said pistons H and b and extend- IIO ing through that end of the cylinder, the two piston-rods connected by oppositely-turned cranks to the driving-shaft, the principal cylinder constructed with a passage (Z for the admission and exhaust of steam from between the said pistons G H, and the enlarged extensions of the cylinder constructed, respectively, with passages e ffor the admission and exhaust of steam, valve mechanism, substantially such as described, between the said passage cl and passages e f, two oscillating valves 10 and 11, with exhaust and steam passages opening onto the surface of said valves, and a passage 9, opening from the enlarged extension of the cylinder on the inner side of the piston onto the valve 10, and a similar specified.

RICHARD ADDY. Witnesses:

THEODORE F. SMITH, Honeson ADDY. 

